Star Newspaper Business Study

Star Newspaper Business Study Organization BACKGROUND Companys history The Star was first distributed provincially in George Town, Penang on the ninth of September, 1971. The Star went to turn into a national paper on Jan 3, 1976, when it set up an office in Kuala Lumpur. To adjust a developing staff and another press joining the most recent innovation, it moved its home office from Kuala Lumpur to its current premises in Petaling Jaya in 1981. The Star made histor y on June 23, 1995 when it turned into the primary Malaysian paper and the third in Asia to dispatch a World Wide Web release. Notwithstanding that, The Star likewise accomplished another achievement in its corporate history around the same time by being recorded on the Main Board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. In the year 2000, The Star migrated in stages to its own one of a kind 17 story premises, Menara Star in Section 16, Petaling Jaya. In January 2002, The Stars new printing plant, Star Media Hub was formally opened by the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, YAB Dato Seri Abdullah receptacle Haji Ahmad Badawi in Shah Alam, Selangor. The Star likewise has another office and printing plant, Star Northern Hub in Bayan Lepas, Penang. About The Star and Sunday Star The Star weekday paper is bundled as a 4-in-1 paper, containing the Main Paper, StarBiz and StarTwo. The Main Paper covers the most recent in territorial, national and just as global news while StarBiz offers a far reaching inclusion of nearby and worldwide budgetary news, for example, showcase patterns, money related reports and most recent market refreshes. StarTwo highlights articles on way of life, amusement, wellbeing, child rearing, social issues and so forth. Each Sunday, there is an extra area known as Sunday Star. For the Sunday Star, it covers current nearby and just as overall news. Aside from that, Sunday Star likewise contains an instructive area where vocations, further training, tests tips and different remarks are highlighted inside. Governing body The current Executive Deputy Chairman of Star Publications (Malaysia) Berhad is Dato Clement Hii Chii Kok though the Group Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer is Datin Linda Ngiam Pick Ngoh. There are two Executive Director in the organization which is Tan Sri Datuk Seri Kamal Mohamed Hashim and Mr. Ng Beng Lye. What's more, the Group Editorial/Education Advisor is Dato Ng Poh Tip. Gatherings Financial Highlights The income of the organization as at 31 December 2008 is RM 831,040,000. Benefit before charge is RM201, 463,000 though the benefit after assessment is RM138, 701,000 which show that the duty cost is RM 62,762,000. Political and Legal Environment There is one law in Malaysia that ensures media opportunity that is Article 10 of the Constitution. It likewise noticed that there are cutoff points to this opportunity, and that these cutoff points are, by and large, characterized by the Government. The constitution gives opportunity to discourse of the press. Be that as it may, some significant legitimate constraints exist. As indicated by the administration, it constrained limitations on the media to ensure national security, open request, and inviting relations with different nations. The law that gives enactment in light of a legitimate concern for security or open request may confine the right to speak freely of discourse. Model, Sedition Act forbids open remark on issues delicate, for example, racial and strict issues. Government utilized Sedition Act, Official Secrets Act, Printing Presses and Publications Act, criminal maligning laws, and different laws to restrain and undermine political discourse. With respect to Printing Presses and Publications Act, it requires nearby and remote distributions to apply every year to the administration for a license. This is to make distribution of insidious news a culpable offense and approved the priest of interior security to boycott or limit distributions accepted to compromise open request, ethical quality, or national security. Additionally, it likewise restricts court difficulties to postpone or repudiation of distribution licenses. As indicated by the legislature, these conditions ensure that the media didn't spread wound news and were important to protect concordance and advance quiet in a multiracial nation. Criminal slander is deserving of a limit of two years in prison, a fine, or both. This is alongside the administration control over yearly permit restoration and different approaches restrained free or insightful news-casting and brought about far reaching self-restriction. Government had prohibited some remote papers and magazines and, once in a while, concealed outside magazines or papers. Besides, you could highlight the assurances under the Communications and Multimedia Act (CMA) on the off chance that you need to intrigue the group which spreads broadcasting and Internet. The certifications under this demonstration are no imposing business model or oligopoly control of the wireless transmissions and nothing in the Act is to be viewed as oversight of the Internet. No restraining infrastructure or oligopoly control of the wireless transmissions is that no gathering of organizations should claim enough of the radio and TV channels to keep audience members and watchers from having a decision of material. So far is all acceptable yet they have not seen it tried up 'til now. With respect to oversight of the Internet, it is more of an issue. Despite the fact that there isn't any oversight or control of the Internet under this Act, doesnt mean there isnt any restriction of the Internet. Web get to was broadly accessible and web memberships totalled roughly 13.5 million toward the finish of 2006. Be that as it may, criminal offense and preventive confinement laws created some self restriction from neighborhood Internet content sources. Models are bloggers, Internet news suppliers and NGO campaigners. The Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) shut down 11 Web destinations for defying norms and guidelines concerning the distribution of data on the Internet. Neither the MCMC nor the legislature discharged the names of the 11 Web locales. The CMA requires certain Internet and other system specialist co-ops to get a permit. Beforehand, the legislature expressed that it didn't plan to uphold controls on Internet use however that it would rebuff the abuse of data innovation. The CMA grants discipline of the proprietor of a Web website or blog for permitting substance of a racial, strict, or political nature that a court considers hostile. Other than that, practically all the news organizations are under a political control. This is the place the lawmaker utilizes the distributions to spread their news to the general population. The greatest press bunch was Media Prima which is claimed by Malaysia Resources Corporation Berhad which has close binds with the decision United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and government. Media Prima possesses the main English-language paper The New Straits Times, the second greatest Malaysia-language paper Berita Harian, Malay Mail, Harian Metro and the ShinMin Daily News. What's more, Media Prima possesses four earthly TV channels. In any case, the procurement of Nanyang from MCA two years back which is 2005 has since arrangement its restraining infrastructure in Chinese media. Sin Chew Media Group was being possessed by the wood big shot, Tiong Hiew King. He as of now corners about 90% of the Chinese language paper showcase, with his control of Sin Chew ,which distributes Sin Chew Daily and Guang Ming Daily, and Nanyang Holdings, which has Nanyang Siang Pau and China Press. With respect to The Star, it was possessed by MCA while MIC claimed Malaysia Nanban. Monetary condition 2009 will bound to be an extremely testing year for Malaysia, in spite of the fact that Malaysias economy is holding up truly well this year. The primary portion of 2009 is relied upon to be an extremely intense period for Malaysia. The effect on Malaysia this year has by one way or another been padded however many are starting to feel the monetary downturn towards the year-end. Since the start of the worldwide monetary emergency, much has been said and distributed about its monetary and money related effect, however moderately little has been said about the financial effect. While it isn't hard to watch the direct and frequently prompt undesirable social effect of the emergency, little is thought about their roundabout and long haul impact on the countrys human turn of events and social capital potential which are progressively recognized in creating economies as a basic factor for feasible turn of events. Financial weights are turning into the essential powers deciding the conduct of Malaysian news organizations. It is progressively evident that the reactions of some paper supervisors are influencing editorial quality, delivering rehearses that decrease the social estimation of paper content and that divert the attenâ ­tion of paper workforce from reporting to exercises basically identified with the business interests of the press. This circumstance has advanced energized self-intrigued conduct planned for misusing market potential, and there is a developing clash between the job of papers as workers of perusers and the abuse of perusers to look for extra comâ ­mercial gain. It ought not be astonishing that general society progressively considers the to be as simply one more business that is more worried about its own financial advantages than with the more extensive interests of those it implies to serve. This passage gives GDP development on a yearly premise balanced for expansion and communicated as a percent. The diagram above shows the general execution of Malaysian in economy. We can see the economy began to drop from the center for second quarter of 2008 till 2009. (Source: CIA World Fact book, September 17, 2009) The print media is as of now feeling the touch of the monetary downturn. Paper adex has fallen for four back to back a long time from October to January 2009. In January, paper adex declined 4% year on year to RM258.6 million while all out adex for the media business all in all (TV, radio and print) crawled up 2% year to year. This implies news organizations endured a greater blow than other media channels. As an open economy, Malaysia was severely influenced by the worldwide budgetary emergency and econom

The Emerging field of nanoscale science, engineering and technology Free Essays

string(85) can't enter easily singular iotas of the example since particles are large. 1.0 Introduction The Emerging field of nanoscale science, designing and innovation †that is the capacity to work at the nuclear, atomic and supramolecular levels, to make enormous structures with in a general sense new properties and capacities have lead to an unparalleled comprehension and authority over fundamental structure squares of all common and man-made things [roco]. This quick progression has lead to an expanded interest for innovative advancement on a nanoscale, which has realized the birth and improvement of infrastructural changes planned for speaking to and watching these highlights. We will compose a custom article test on The Emerging field of nanoscale science, designing and innovation or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The overall concentration over this time has been the advancement of techniques including SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), FIB (Focus Ion Beam) etcetera for the enumerating of highlights at the nanoscale. 1.1 History of the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) Technology Center Ion Beam (FIB) frameworks have been industrially delivered, generally for producers of huge semiconductors for around 20 years [www.fibics.com]. In 1982, Anazawa et al. delivered a 35Kv Ga-source and around three years after the fact Orloff and Sudruad proposed FIB framework for implantation and lithography [sudruad], despite the fact that starting at 1959, Feyman had recommended the utilization of particle shafts [www.nanofib.com]. In 1985, Kato et al. have called attention to the benefits of the FIB innovation in the creation of sub-miniaturized scale structures. 1.2 Operational Overview The activity of the FIB are same as that of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), then again, actually the center particle bar framework utilizes the utilization of focussed light emission rather than light emission used in the SEM systems[]. Marketed nanoscience is constrained by accessibility of instruments. Utilizing focussed particle bar framework permits indicated creation and imaging capacities which lessens extraordinarily the portrayal cycles and advancement required in the nano-innovative field by researcher. The capacities inside center particle bar ( FIB) are esteemed exceptionally for quick prototyping application. The statement blend/direct carving of FIB in mix with carefully tended to designing framework permits nano prototyping motor with capacities that will help explores in nano innovation , in light of the fact that the activity of FIB is on both miniaturized scale and nano scale, it very well may be utilized in making the necessary structures. Lie has precised power over statement and processing parameter and in that capacity, it is the correct instrument for making little structures for nano innovation in the top â€down approach. It is a profoundly adaptable, cover less method which is quick for sequential strategies, along these lines permitting the FIB instrument extremely proficient for structure adjustments. Most regular strategies for test planning utilized today in life sciences are perfect with examinations by utilizing FIB. 1.3 Using Focus Ion Beam Systems The immediate pertinence got in utilizing FIB instrument is profoundly significant in mechanical applications. Lie instrument and its application have contributed colossally to modern looks into did in a few examination labs †For example in the polymer business, metallurgy industry, atomic research etcetera. The capacity to picture, plant and store material by utilizing FIB instrument relies to a great extent upon the idea of the particle pillar strong associations. Processing happens because of physical faltering of the objective. In understanding the instrument of faltering we have to consider the connection between a particle pillar and the objective. Faltering typically happens when there is versatile crash in arrangement when energy is moved from the episode particles to the objective molecules in the area of impact course. Ionization of a segment of the shot out molecules can be gathered for mass examination or picture development. Creation of plasmons (in metals), phonons and outflow of auxiliary electrons can happen because of inelastic dissipating. Imaging in the center particle pillar is done by identifying the auxiliary particles/electrons normally, faltering in center particle shaft forms happens inside vitality goes that are commanded by atomic vitality misfortunes. Center Ion shaft gadgets are utilized to examine the surfaces of tests utilizing straightforward focussed particle pillars. The location of auxiliary particles permits the handled surface of tests and minuscule pictures to be watched. The particle bar is produced by utilizing fluid metal particle source (LMIS) when a light emission is illuminated on the outside of an example by finding the auxiliary particles with an indicator †a two dimensional circulation which shows the tiny pictures of the outside of the example can be watched. 1.4 The Focus Ion Beam Instrument The Operation of the FIB innovation utilizes a comparable standard as the SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)/TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) yet varies in the utilization of particles and this presents results of tremendous extent for association which happen at the outside of the example. Utilizing Focus Ion Beam (FIB) instrument includes two significant parameters †infiltration of particle into material and the pace of faltering of particle of the material. At the point when the radiated fluid metal particle source (LMIS) essential particle bar hits the outside of the example, it splutters a limited quantity of material this will leave the example surface as either unbiased molecules or auxiliary particles †Secondary shafts are likewise created utilizing the essential pillar. Signs from the faltered particle or optional electron are gathered to deliver a picture as the essential bar raster on the example surface. Fluid metal particle source (LMIS) advancement is essential for the improvement of Focus Ion Beam (FIB) [www.dspace.cam.ac.uk] , utilization of electric field that are high into a guiding quadrupole, octupole redirector, two electrostatic focal points in the segment to center particles in a shaft and output the pillar on the example. Fluid metal particles source (LMIS) produces particles; these particles are focussed on electrostatic focal points. At the point when example surfaces are besieged utilizing particles that have been removed from the fluid metal particle source (LMIS) this produces particles, optional electron and faltered material and the different created things fill diverse need in the center particle shaft. At high essential flows a lot of material can be expelled by faltering in this manner permitting accuracy processing of the example down to the submicron scale, while less material is evacuated at low essential shaft flows. The utilization of particles in center particle bar instruments implies that they can't enter easily singular iotas of the example since particles are huge. You read The Emerging field of nanoscale science, building and innovation in class Article models So connection generally happens inside external shell association which causes concoction band breakage of the substrate molecule and nuclear ionization. Internal shell electrons of the example can't be reached by an approaching particle. The likelihood of a connection with iotas that are inside the example is a lot higher in view of the enormous particle size and this outcome in quick loss of vitality of the particle. This implies the profundity of infiltration is a lot of lower. It ought to be noticed that the primary bit of leeway of the Focus Ion shaft is its capacity to create picture of the example after which it processes the example accurately away from the territories that are selected[ ]. 1.41 Ions in Operation Particles are more slow when matched to electrons for a similar vitality, since they are a lot heavier thus Lorenz power is lower, so the utilization of attractive focal points is less successful, and as such the focussed particle shaft instrument is furnished with electro static focal points. Particles are sure, slow, huge and substantial; so the subsequent particle bar will expel iotas from the substrate and in light of the fact that the size, shaft position and abide time are very much controlled, it tends to be utilized in the expulsion of materials locally in a way that is profoundly controlled down to the nanoscale. Because of the activities because of the particles utilized in the Focus particle pillar instrument, manufacture and imaging capacities are inferred. The creation work happens because of the faltering while the imaging capacity emerges because of the particles and optional electrons. 1.42 Gallium (Ga+) Ions The gallium particles are utilized in the center particle shaft (FIB) instruments for the accompanying reasons [fei]; Because of its surface potential it shows high brilliance, the tip sharpness, the stream properties of the weapon and the firearm development which brings about field outflow and ionization. This is a significant outcome for the focussed particle pillar. It ought to be noticed that whatever picked material ought to be ionized before the arrangement of the pillar and afterward quickened. The component Gallium is metallic and as a result of its low dissolving temperature is an exceptionally advantageous material for reduced firearm development with restricted warming. Gallium is the focal point of the occasional table and shows an ideal force move ability for a wide scope of materials, lithium which is a higher component won't be adequate in processing of heavier components. Gallium component has low systematic obstruction 2.0 Focus Ion Beam System In the figure underneath, the FEJ 200 arrangement type F113 of the FIB framework is spoken to. In the figure are the different parts of the framework which incorporates the segment, the example chamber and the indicator; 2.1The Column This is arranged over the example chambers. It is comprised of two electrostatic focal points, a lot of bar blanking plates, fluid metal particle source (LMIS), a pillar acknowledgment opening, guiding quadrupole, bar characterizing gap and an octupole diverter. 2.2 Lens System Originating from the source, the shaft experiences a pillar acknowledgment opening after which it goes into the main focal point. Over the pillar characterizing gap (BDA),

Essential Things to Look For When Choosing Critical Thinking Paper Writing Services

Essential Things to Look For When Choosing Critical Thinking Paper Writing ServicesThe role of critical thinking paper writing services has increased tremendously in the last few years. This service is extremely important as it helps the readers to be more aware of the facts presented in the paper. For this reason, every university as well as an individual professor requires the best possible material for his or her lectures and assignments.However, many professors and universities still do not realize the importance of hiring professional writers for their critical thinking paper writing. This is why the services are used in almost all places where people use to write papers and essays.The importance of hiring the best possible critical thinking paper writing service cannot be stressed enough. As they are professionals who know how to produce the best of results, it will help to select them carefully. There are a number of things that should be kept in mind while making the final se lection.Different organizations provide different quality. So, it is a wise idea to look for one that is best suited for your need. Hiring writers who have some experience of writing at your university is an important thing to do. Though these experienced writers are required for big papers, it is necessary to hire them so that they can deliver the expected results.There are certain things that must be kept in mind when selecting the services. You must choose the services that offer a wide range of services. Therefore, it is advisable to look for a service that can provide for multiple project requirements. The services should also be able to handle all the deadlines that are included in the terms and conditions of the contract.You must ensure that the writers have knowledge about communication and research to produce accurate information. The report is not only the essence of the students but also the professor. Therefore, the writing service should be able to maintain a good commu nication with the professors to get the required writing done. For this purpose, it is important to employ writers who have good communication skills.The best services will be provided to you from one that is close to your location and one that works for the particular academic department where you are affiliated with. You must also choose the most reliable paper writing company that can be trusted. It is important to go for the ones that can be found on the Internet.Writers are professional, skilled and have a huge list of clients. It is vital to choose the services that are legitimate so that you can be assured of a good quality of writing. The writers work hard to help the students achieve their goals.

Dyslexi Learning Disabilities ( Spld ) - 1587 Words

Dyslexia, commonly defined as specific reading disability, is one of the Specific Learning Disabilities (SpLD). The term ‘dyslexia’ was coined by Rudolf Berlin of Stuttgart, Germany, in 1887 (Wagner 1973). The term dyslexia comes from the Greek dys – ‘impaired’ – and lexis – ‘word’ which refers to impairment in the ability to read and spell that is not due to low intelligence or lack of educational opportunity (Brunswick 2009). Dyslexia was the first general term used to describe various learning problems such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Dyspraxia, Auditory Processing Disorder, Dyscalculia and many more. Eventually, these problems were subdivided and categorized to describe different learning disabilities (Davis 2010). There are two major varieties of dyslexia: acquired and developmental. Reading disability that occurs due to an accident at any stage of life of an individual is labelled acquired dyslexia. Here accident means any kind of injury to the brain leading to brain damage. In contrast, developmental dyslexia occurs during the developmental period, that is, roughly between 0 to 18 years of life (Hinshelwood 1896, Jena 2013). The proposed study is focused chiefly on developmental dyslexia. Developmental Dyslexia has been defined by World Federation of Neurology (1968) as ‘a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instructions, adequate intelligence and socio-cultural opportunity.’ A large number of researches

How Hard Is Law School

By the time you start your law school experience, you likely have heard that  law school is hard. But often students wonder, how hard is law school, and what makes law school harder than undergraduate work? Here are five reasons that law school is challenging. The Case Method of Teaching Can Be Frustrating Remember how in your previous academic life, professors lectured on exactly what you needed to know for the exam? Well, those days are gone. In law school, professors teach using the case method. That means you read cases and discuss them in class. From those cases, you are supposed to pull out the law and learn how to apply it to a fact pattern (this is how you are tested on an exam). Sound a bit confusing? It can be! After a while, you may get used to the case method, but in the beginning, it can be frustrating. If you are frustrated, go get help from your  professors, academic support or a  law school tutor. The Socratic Method Can Be Intimidating If you have watched any movies on law school, you may have a picture of what the Socratic method is. The professor cold calls on students and peppers them with questions about the reading. It can be daunting, to say the least. Today, most professors aren’t as dramatic as Hollywood would lead you to believe. They may not even call you by your last name. Some professors even warn you when you might be â€Å"on call† so you can make sure you are thoroughly prepared for class. The biggest fear law students seem to have about the Socratic method is looking like an idiot. News flash: At one point or another you will feel like an idiot in law school. It is just the reality of the law school experience. Sure, it isn’t a fun thing to live through, but it is just part of the experience. Don’t let anxiety about looking foolish in front of your peers be a focal point of your law school experience. Likely Only One Exam for the Entire Semester For most law students, it all comes down to one exam at the end of the semester. This means all your eggs are in one basket. And to top it off, you don’t really get feedback throughout the semester to help you prepare for exams, making it difficult to know if you are on the right track. This is likely a different scenario than in undergrad or other graduate work you may have done. The reality of grades depending on only one exam can be intimidating and frustrating for new law students. Given how much that exam will influence your grade, you are going to have to adopt new study techniques to help you prepare! Few Opportunities for Feedback Because there is only one exam, there are few opportunities for feedback in law school (although there may be more opportunities than you appreciate). It is your job to get as much feedback as possible whether it be from your  professors, an academic support office, or a law school tutor. Feedback is critical in helping you prepare for those all-important exams. The Curve Is Brutal Most of us haven’t experienced an educational situation where we are graded on a strict curve. The curve in most law schools is brutal. Only a fraction of the class can do â€Å"well.† That means that you not only have to master the material, but you must know the material better than the person sitting next to you and the person sitting next to them. You can’t really worry about the curve (you just need to focus on doing the best that you can). But knowing the curve is out there can make exams feel even more daunting.   Although law school is intimidating, you can be successful and even enjoy the experience. Realizing what makes law school challenging is the first step in creating your plan for success. And remember, if you are struggling, as a first-year,  make sure you get some help.

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 956 Words

Executing people for what they have done; homicide, kidnapping, illegal injection and so, has been a â€Å"vast† object at issue for years, since it is seen as a cruel, vicious way of punishment. Nevertheless, among numerous countries, states and ultimately, the public, death warrant has been attempted continuously while insisting it is brutal, but mostly; found that it can literally prevent people from committing a crime. Moreover, harshness is considered as the only way of hampering humanity from killing each other, but it actually is not. In spite of capital punishment, life parole is a nice way of incarcerate people, and there is a possibility of discharge. Discharge can be exceptional as people have the grasp to profit from†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, race is a substantial remark for the topic. Bias is the conviction of believing that black and white people are not equal, and mainly, black are the suspected ones. As known, black people are believed as the p rosecutors of all crimes at first and the executed are mostly black either. Nonetheless, as the statistics shown by Death Penalty Information Center, even the real convicted criminals who are executed are white, there is an immense difference between black defendants, with 93% and white defendants with %7 (Death Penalty Information Center). Therefore, death penalty is opposite to the living conditions and human rights as it discriminates people. In the third place, deterrence is a factor that is hold not be a conducting method for crimes. Capital punishment is always thought to affect the ones who are tend to commit an offense because they are under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or anxiety of taking revenge. Subsequently, the way of death warrant rarely works, even it causes more damage. The main problem of the deterrence is the territorial factors, the sorrow, which are caused by jobs, public, and any kind of relationships, people, family and so. Unemployment is the leader of those territorial factors since it impacts the human mind a lot. It is seemed as debauchery by the outside world, so that people commit crimes. The research by FBI data shows that all 14 states without death penalty in 2008 had homicide rates atShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention th e many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is legal in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished968 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that by

Warren G. Harding Essay Example For Students

Warren G. Harding Essay Warren Gamaliel Harding was an affluent speaker, he gave the business a free hand, and his return to normalcy led to a fairly decent presidency, plagued with a only few political scandals. He was born in the town of Corsica, Ohio in on November 2, 1865. His first real 30b was an editor of the local newspaper, and that is what got him interested in public affairs. He was married to Florence Kling DeWolfe, against her fathers wishes who was a prestigious banker of Marion. She became a major influence in his life, and as his fortune improved under her watchful eye he became more of a prominent figure in the local community then finally attracting the attention of political authorities. He won the seat on the Ohio Senate, then served on William H. Tafts committee at the Republican national convention. He ran for lieutenant governor and was shot down, then was defeated for governor; he then ran for the senatorial nomination and finally won. He liked serving in Senate and really made no important speeches or introduced any important legislation. Having respectable qualities as a senator he was nominated to run for the presidential office by the Republicans. We will write a custom essay on Warren G. Harding specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now His campaign promises is one of the better known ones, he promised to return the country to normalcy a word he used to describe the good old days. He never really challenged the any major topics in his campaign promises mainly sticking to old Republican virtues so as not to cause any conflict. He also was on the fence for other legislation at the time such as the league issues. He mainly was a indifferent machine mouthing what the party told him to and not be creative or real with his own ideas. One main reason I believe this is because he did not really want the office, but felt more at home at the Senate but could not give up the opportunity. Some topics he used in his administration were as follows. He passed ship subsidies, a high tariff, immigration restrictions, and a Federal Budget system that lowered taxes. All of these were passed, except for the ship one, and made the country run smoothly for a time. Some major events that were taldog place in his time were ones of his own actions. One major action not of his fault was a major decline in the agricultural sections of the country were starting to effect the nation, and the Republicans soon were ousted and his friends began to stab him in the back. The Teapot Dome scandal involving the selling of naval oil reserves to private landowners, which caused major controversy in his term. Many of his other attributes were also being questioned, the Veterans Bureau, and the Alien Property Custodians office were all being investigated. Even his Attorney General, Albert B. Fall was under close surveillance and investigation. He really didnt change history because of his way of going with the flow and never standing out on a limb. On a small not it showed the public that the oval office was not free from everything. Some of his not-so major legislation was the way he had a Laissez Faire economics about him. He gave the business a Ree hand and pretty much let them run free. This was just a way of backing the Republican Partys values. Some might say that because of these actions in a small way he contributed to the Great Depression. Like I said before he was a major floater through the office. I think the way he would effect the USA today would be his Laissez Faire economics and for example would not have caused or even questioned the break up of Microsoft. He would want the country to be like it was in the good old days so he would not really work to change anything drastic just make it more normal to his standards. He probably would have ordered companys to become y2k compliant, but that is about it. The simple reason being that it would continue to make the nation unchanged. He would have showed the world a different type of campaigning by staying in his hometown and that if anyone wanted to ask him questions they would have to come to hire. All in all it would be like his presidency, it not effect much. No he would not have changed the world because all he did was slow life down for Americans therefore not stimulate much among other countries. .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .postImageUrl , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:hover , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:visited , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:active { border:0!important; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:active , .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476 .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud5499eba23b74509b66e5d03d4051476:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exploration Of Social Issues In Once Upon A Time EssayI would have changed his always sitting on the fence routine, if you couldnt already tell. I would have made him act more like a leader than a follower of the polls and the majority. I would have also changed some of his scandals so that he would not have had such a bad rep. The last thing I would change would not have anything to do with his administration but would have made him live out his term rather than ding in office from an illness, at least let him die heroically by diving after a newborn in a darken river, or save a cat from a burning building. My day in his shoes would be an interesting one because I would be taking orders from either my wife or the public. I would begin by asking her what suit I should wear and what to eat then ask the public which taxes to lower and which tariffs to raise. I would then retire to my private quarters where I would discuss private matters concerning certain scandals recently put out in the open. I would f ind ways to keep them covered up and which people to bribe. I would then retire to my bedroom and sleep soundly. Unfortunately, his presidency did not end as simple as it began, he was taking a vacation in Alaska a became ill on a cruise while up there, he then died on August 2, 1923, before he could finish his first term as president. Maybe if reselected he would had a chance to correct a few mistakes and further his plans of normalcy,

What role do audiences play free essay sample

What role do audiences play in creating popular culture? Explain how Hollywood both manipulated and reflected the popular culture of the 1950s and 60s. The role of the audience is to infuse the fire in the popular culture movement. It appears that Hollywood was caught between the wall and the blade in the 1950’s, on one side you had the dominant culture flexing their muscle to have Hollywood endorse this family ideal and help the containment effort and for no reason ignite any friction that would agitate the already impatient young adolescents. The late fifties teenagers would be a huge section of the consumer market. Hollywood manage to strike a rather windfall by agreeing to post announcement warning of the misconduct of the characters and at the end of the showing they would have a message for a figure of authority like the police or politician warning about the dangers of inconformity and change. We will write a custom essay sample on What role do audiences play or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hollywood in a very financially wise move, bank their choice on the boomers and they did not failed them. The movies of the fifties ignited the fuel of change what was to come in the next decades. There were many movies that gained acclaim because of the topic and the questions it raised on the idea of what conformed to the life of a family unit. Hollywood managed to bring to the screens what was happening in our daily lives and we needed to own it and learn how to deal with the incredible changes that were coming in the next fifty years. Elizabeth Taylor was the subject of a book written by M. G. Lord , the authors objective was to prove how Ms Taylor helped push the feminist movement with her performances the films that she chose to make. The book goes to site her entire history in a chronological order and show how the statement is true. It is also said that this events were not direct actions from the star just the message was coming from Hollywood. An article in the New York Times claims that all those feminist messages were lost to the audience that was just too consumed with the actress beauty to get the message. None the less Liz Taylor’s film kept pushing the envelope of socially acceptable topics and in movie Suddenly, Last Summer, the major taboo was ripped wide open on homosexuality and possibly delinquent/criminal behavior because most likely the male escorts were minor poor young boys. This movie portraits how far will the established social norm will go to keep containment , the clear message that a men was better off dead than be homosexual was not lost in this very turbulent movie. During this research I learned that many of Ms. Taylor films of the 50’s 60’s were clearly trying to send out a message of how the popular mass was eager to hear and in the 60’s people were ready to act in order to bring about change. The new baby boomers were ready to set the world on light speed and change our society at ultra accelerated speed.

Free Essays on Dave

The play opens as the Younger family anxiously awaits the arrival of a check. It is the life insurance check of $10,000, made payable to Lena (Mama) Younger, the matriarch of the family, because of the death of her husband. The entire family lives within the walls of a tiny apartment and the play takes place entirely in its worn out, lived-in living room. Travis, the young son of Ruth and Walter Lee, sleeps on the couch in the living room and is constantly awoken by noise from the adults. Walter Lee and Beneatha are Lena's children. Walter Lee is married to Ruth, and works as a chauffeur, while Beneatha, much younger and energetic, plans to study to become a doctor. Each member of the family wants to do something different with the money, and therefore, waits anxiously for his/her new lifeto start. Walter Lee is working with low-life street men, Willy Harris and Bobo, to start a liquor store. He is obsessed with money and constantly feels as if the world is against him, especially his wife and mother. He storms out of the house, seeking the two men with whom he plans to do business and also to complain about his job. Mama meanswhile suspects Ruth to be pregnant. Beneatha discusses her new, independent style in college. She is courted by two men: the first boy, George Murchison, is a wealthy Negro concerned with appearances and material, while the second, Joseph Asagai, is a native African that inspires her intellectually and spiritually. Asagai brings Bennie authentic Nigerian robes as a gift, and she puts them on, pretending to be an African princess. George arrives to take Bennie out to the theater and is appalled by her attire, forcing her to change. The Younger family is in favor of George because they believe his money will help her and themselves. When the check finally does arrive, Lena has trouble dealing, for she realizes that the ten thousand dollars is a replacement for her husband. The family tells her to do what she de... Free Essays on Dave Free Essays on Dave The play opens as the Younger family anxiously awaits the arrival of a check. It is the life insurance check of $10,000, made payable to Lena (Mama) Younger, the matriarch of the family, because of the death of her husband. The entire family lives within the walls of a tiny apartment and the play takes place entirely in its worn out, lived-in living room. Travis, the young son of Ruth and Walter Lee, sleeps on the couch in the living room and is constantly awoken by noise from the adults. Walter Lee and Beneatha are Lena's children. Walter Lee is married to Ruth, and works as a chauffeur, while Beneatha, much younger and energetic, plans to study to become a doctor. Each member of the family wants to do something different with the money, and therefore, waits anxiously for his/her new lifeto start. Walter Lee is working with low-life street men, Willy Harris and Bobo, to start a liquor store. He is obsessed with money and constantly feels as if the world is against him, especially his wife and mother. He storms out of the house, seeking the two men with whom he plans to do business and also to complain about his job. Mama meanswhile suspects Ruth to be pregnant. Beneatha discusses her new, independent style in college. She is courted by two men: the first boy, George Murchison, is a wealthy Negro concerned with appearances and material, while the second, Joseph Asagai, is a native African that inspires her intellectually and spiritually. Asagai brings Bennie authentic Nigerian robes as a gift, and she puts them on, pretending to be an African princess. George arrives to take Bennie out to the theater and is appalled by her attire, forcing her to change. The Younger family is in favor of George because they believe his money will help her and themselves. When the check finally does arrive, Lena has trouble dealing, for she realizes that the ten thousand dollars is a replacement for her husband. The family tells her to do what she de...

Psychometric Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychometric Testing - Essay Example The initial point prior to selecting an evaluation or other methodology should be the job needs. Even though increasingly involving attitudes of people, individual specifications most of the time have their shortcomings. For instance it is ordinary to find irrelevant or opposing attitudes classifies under one skill. The display of skill itself is specialized, utilizing procedures from organizations, observation and case studies to complicated processes involving significant case interviewing. Not all of these methodologies will be applicable in all situations, but if no organized process is implemented to enhance the skill model, it will have been established on a subjective foundation, perhaps weird to users and will not include the 80% of the 80/20 policy. According to the study conducted by Golombok (1999), capability and personality assessments compose the greater portion of what is typically utilized in psychometric evaluation for hiring, while the drive and preference inventories are also implemented from time to time. Even though the option is varied - with more than 5,000 examinations in print in common languages - a tiny subset is utilized by majority of the users. This implies that a person may view an applicant who has possessed quite substantial experience of the similar methodology and undoubtedly some benefits thereby. Even though the scope of this should not be a cause of confusion - particular memory will be assumed to lapse within a few weeks- it does involve a noise element, so it is wise to see what the applicant's past experience has actually been. A benefit of psychometrics is objectivity, which is made possible because of standardized procedures. This has been proven by the research of Parkinson (2005). This is implemented specifically to capability examinations where there is usually a direct and normally basic comparison with a constant organization. In personality evaluation, even though personal scales are standardized there is a further degree of study normally needed to analyze the entire pattern. With a versatile personality assessment, this outcome can be compared with a standard identity, deciphered from analyzing attitudes and behaviors against the skills model. Nevertheless there may not be associated norm organizations for intensely specialized or higher job designations. Most individuals are aware of psychometrics with their combination of communicative organizational exercises and responsibilities. As a matter of fact the utilization of various psychometric evaluations against various skills analysis of workers is amongst the advantages of the methodology. According to the study of Carter (2001), one of the benefits they possess over other evaluation procedures is that they can include the managers of the company as the evaluators of the applicants themselves. Also, as psychometrics does not eat up much of the budget it is ordinary especially the senior managers to be involved in the employee evaluation process. Evaluators can be also hired from the Human Resource division or more typically from an outside organization. The critical risk here is that the goal detail of psychometric results may be disregarded as subjective observations from a solitary, often narrowly based, interview cases, come to the fore. Psychometric evaluations with queries pertaining to particular skills of workers give the general form here, but there exists plenty

The extent of gender fatigue transpiring within the workplace, and the Dissertation

The extent of gender fatigue transpiring within the workplace, and the ways it can be overcome - Dissertation Example The only viable explanation for the disparaging gender treatments is gender fatigue. It is concluded that both victims and managers need to ignore gender fatigue and deal with incidents of gender inequality responsibly to void the dangers of gender equality losing ground. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Research Questions 5 Statement of the Problem 5 Significance of the Study 6 Aims and Objectives of the Study 7 Research Methodology 8 A Review of Literature 8 Gender Inequality in the Work Place 8 Why Gender Inequality Exists in Some Organizations 10 Gender Fatigue as the Driving Force Behind Gender Inequality in the Workplace 12 Results and Analysis 15 Conclusion 18 Bibliography 20 Introduction Gender fatigue is a phrase used to describe stagnation and complacent attitudes toward reforms and calls for gender equality (Dehhehy, 2012). Initial evidence of gender fatigue was present during the 1980s when feminists were portrayed in public discourse as cartoon characters and as bitter women devoid of humour who projected a belief that all men were â€Å"pigs† and all â€Å"women are saints’ and that â€Å"women who stay at home are wasting their lives† (Sadker & Zittleman, 2009, p. 52). Kelan (2009) gives expression to gender fatigue in the workplace describing it as a situation in which organizations are self-described as â€Å"gender neutral†, yet there is evidence of gender discrimination and the prevailing attitude is one in which there is a general feeling that gender discrimination is thing of the past and â€Å"can happen,† but it is up to women to find solutions (p. 197). Kelan (2008) also argues that members of an organization will often describe their respective organizations as â€Å"gender neutral† although it is obvious to all that there is gender discrimination (p. 1). Workers will acknowledge that gender discrimination occurs in the workplace but will brush it off as unimportant to the work that they do. According to Kelan (2008), this is evidence that these workers are â€Å"experiencing gender fatigue† and that they are â€Å"weary of thinking about gender inequality† (p. 1). Kelan (2010) points out that the practice of doing gender at work takes dual approaches in which gender equality is established and juxtaposed against a situation in which gender differences are once again pronounced. For example, a task is usually performed in which gender equality is highlighted and this will be followed by the allocation of â€Å"remedial work, through which gender hierarch is re-established† (Kelan, 2010, p. 176). This research study investigates the problems created by gender fatigue in the work place. In particular, this research study is concerned with the prevailing attitude in organizations that take the position that they are gender neutral, yet gender inequality remains a part of the organizational culture. In these circumstances, described as gender f atigue, this research paper seeks to identify how the problems associated with achieving gender equality as a result of gender fatigue within organizations can be overcome. Research Questions In order to investigate the problem of gender fatigue in organizations and how gender fatigue can be overcome to

Staff Retention in Nursing

Staff Retention in Nursing Arlena Davis, Stephanee Thurman STAFF RETENTION IN NURSING Introduction Staff retention is one of the strategies nurse administrators employs in preventing high rates of nurse turnover. Currently, the rate of nurse turnover is quite high, and this problem is more common in nurses at the entry level. The high rate of nurse turnover is one the major contributors of the shortage of nurses experienced throughout the country (Brunetto, 2012). Apart from prevention of nurse turnover, retention of nurses has a lot of benefits accrued to it. The strategy is useful in keeping nurses in a particular organization, and this helps to retain the skills and knowledge accrued in the process of serving at the organization. Other benefits associated with nurse retention include a reduced number of new nurses or â€Å"rookies,† thus reducing cost of training, fewer terminations that lead to reduced termination cost and increased productivity. However, the retention of nurses also comes along with increased cost. Some of the nurse retention costs include salary incre ases, rewards, bonus programs, ongoing â€Å"education and promotion,† among others (Ley, 2007). Therefore, as a nurse manager, it is essential to devise ways of dealing with challenges that arise as a result of nurse retention. Possessing the knowledge on nurse retention is vital for career development as a nurse manager. Hence, this paper provides an analysis of research articles regarding the issue of nurse retention. Staff Retention in Nursing Part A: Summary of Each Study Article 1: Retention Priorities for the Intergenerational Nurse Workforce by Wieck et al., 2010 The researchers in this particular study focused on the retention priorities for nurses belonging to different generations. The purpose of the study was â€Å"to conduct an assessment on the environment, job satisfaction, and desired traits of managers in a bid to improve nurse retention† (Wieck et al., 2010). As mentioned earlier, nurses’ retention is important in any organization since it helps reduce the problem of nurses’ shortages that is felt across the whole country. Work environment, job satisfaction, and qualities portrayed by nurse managers have direct impacts on nurse retention. As part of the methodology, this study was purely quantitative and entailed collection of data from 1,773 nurses from 22 hospitals. The survey was conducted online and included aspects such as â€Å"nurse manager desired traits, safety perceptions, nursing work index and job satisfaction† (Wieck et al., 2010). The findings of this research indicate that the satisfaction with work environment were high among all the participants. The satisfaction was highest where there existed nurse-physician relationship, and lowest where there was nurse control of practice, and younger nurses were less satisfied compared to nurses aged over 40 years. 40% of nurses involved in the sample expressed safety concerns. Additionally, 61% of all the participants indicated that they were planning to leave their jobs within the next ten years (Wieck et al., 2010). In order to halt the alarming findings contained in this research, the researchers assert that health organizations should create model managers since the characteristics of the manager are among the major factors influencing nurse retention. Hence, it important for nurse managers to possess qualities that promote a good working relationship with the nursing staff. The nurse managers should empower the staff nurse councils, which are very useful in advancing the grievances raised by nurses, hence improving job satisfaction. The other recommendations are revamping of the incentives, stabilizing staffing, and focusing on their safety during service delivery (Wieck et al., 2010). Article 2: Study on Nurse Retention by Brunetto The study aimed at improving the rates of nurse retention by focusing on the factors that make nurses stick into their professions (Brunetto, 2012). The study took three years, and it sought to determine nurses’ satisfaction levels concerning the relationship with supervisors, ability to solve problems during service delivery, and communication structures (Brunetto, 2012). The findings of the study show that nurses leave their jobs due to lack of autonomy. 20% of the nurses involved in the study felt that they did not possess the relevant skills to solve the problems they were facing, thereby forced to consult from their superior. This practice leads to erosion of the autonomy in nursing. Other findings indicate that younger nurses are faced with the greatest challenges of retention. Another factor that contributes to nurses leaving their job is random changes in the hospital management that complicate the work relationships between the nurses and supervisors. Well-organized structures in the hospital have the potential to reduce the number of nurses leaving their jobs (Brunetto, 2012). The insights contained in this study can be very beneficial if they are applied in a hospital. First of all, increasing the autonomy of nurses can help lower nurses turnover and retain more nurses in the hospital. In the cases where nurses lack autonomy due to lack of knowledge on how to deal with certain situations can undergo further in training to increase their knowledge (Brunetto, 2012). The supervisors should create proper working relationships with nurses. Good relations between the nurses and their supervisors will help reduce the rate of nurse turnover. Article 3: â€Å"Keeping Nurses on the Job: Retention is part of the Answer to the Nursing Shortage† (New York University, 2009). The purpose of this study was to â€Å"establish the factors that can help keep new nurses from leaving their jobs† (New York University, 2009). The topic of study was important because nurses turnover not only results in a shortage of nursing staff in the hospital, but also results increased hospital budget as the hospitals tries to cater for turnover costs (New York University, 2009). This study was funded by the Robert Wood Foundation, and it incorporated a sample size of 1,933 newly licensed nurses that were sampled from various hospitals across 34 states in the USA† (New York University, 2009). The results of the study showed that nurses stayed on their jobs based on factors that included perceptions of the working conditions, job opportunities available, personal characteristics and specific workplace attributes. According to the researchers, nurse retention can be useful in cutting the costs of running the hospitals. Nurse retention is also useful in improving patients’ outcomes since it increases the staff stability. Whenever the nurses are satisfied with their jobs, bear the organizational commitment, possess autonomy, and have opportunities for promotion, such nurses have minimal chances of leaving their job (New York University, 2009). The knowledge contained in this research article is applicable in addressing problems with nurses’ retention. Health organizations should try to create equal chances for promotion for the nurses. Some nurses should not feel sidelined for promotions whereas others are favored. As the results of the study show, the hospitals can reduce high workload for nurses in a bid to increase job satisfaction. Increasing job satisfaction can result in the high rate of nurses’ retention. The nurse managers should provide supervisory support in the efforts to increase the organizational commitment among younger nurses. Nurse Managers should also avoid some practices such as mandatory overtime since they lead to reduced organizational commitment (New York University, 2009). Article 4: â€Å"Effective Strategies for Nurse Retention in Acute Hospitals; A mixed Method Study† by Koen et al., 2013 Nurse retention is one of the best strategies in countering the problem nurse shortage within the organization. Therefore, â€Å"the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of nurse education, nurse staffing and nursing practice environment on the nurse reported intention to leave the hospital† (Koen et al., 2013). The study also sought to â€Å"provide best practices in the nursing care that can lead to a sound practice environment and thereby improving nurse retention rates† (Koen et al., 2013). The study involved 3186 bedside nurses drawn from 56 Belgian acute hospitals. The results show that 29.5% of the participants were planning to leave the hospital. â€Å"Two factors, namely, nurse work environment and patient-to-nurse ratio were among the leading reasons for the intentions of nurses to leave† (Koen et al., 2013). Further results indicate, â€Å"high performing hospitals with high rates of nurse retention had a participative management style, structured education programs, and career opportunities for nurses† (Koen et al., 2013). However, the study contains several limitations. The RN4CAST nurse survey conducted did not cover all the components. Important elements like magnetic force 11 were locked out of the study. The qualitative data was collected from six Flemish hospitals and thus it hard to make generalizations of the findings. Therefore, the knowledge contained in this research article is applicable in addressing problems with nurses’ retention, and this can be achieved by mentoring nurses and addressing their dissatisfactions in a timely manner (Koen et al., 2013). Article 5: â€Å"Exploring the Key Predictors of Retention in Emergency Nurses† by Sawatzky Enns, 2012 The objective of this study was specifically â€Å"to explore and describe the influencing and intermediary factors that predict the retention of nurses working in the emergency departments† (Sawatzky, Enns, 2012). The researchers employed cross-sectional survey designed in the collection of the data (Sawatzky Enns, 2012). The results indicate, â€Å"Engagement emerged as the most convincing predictor for intermediary factors† (Sawatzky Enns, 2012).The intermediary factors use in this case included job satisfaction, fatigue, and burnout. An inverse relationship was evident between â€Å"engagement and influencing factors such as nursing management, collaboration with nurses, available resources, and shift work† (Sawatzky Enns, 2012).There are limitations contained in this work. The purposive sampling method used can elicit biased findings. The other limitation is that the despite the fact that framework used in the research was â€Å"based on scientific evidence,† it had not been tested (Sawatzky Enns, 2012). In addition, since the subjects used in the study were drawn from the nurses operating in the emergency departments, the findings of the study cannot be applied in the entire nursing population. According to the findings of this study, engagement is a key factor in retainin g nurses working in the emergency departments. Hence, nurse managers should work on factors that increase engagements. Some of these factors include engaging the nursing management in providing guidance, collaboration with physicians, and shift work. Article 6: â€Å"The Mediating Role of Organizational Subcultures in Health Care Organizations† by Lok et al., 2011 The objective of this study was â€Å"to investigate the mediating role of the organizational subculture between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and leadership culture in health care organizations† (Lok et al., 2011). The study used nurses drawn from 26 wards in indifferent hospitals (Lok et al., 2011). The results obtained â€Å"shows that in the innovative ward, subculture was found to bear greater impact on nurses’ commitment and retention. In the bureaucratic ward, â€Å"subculture had a significant negative direct relationship with commitment† (Lok et al., 2011). On the supportive ward, â€Å"subculture had small but positive indirect relationship with job commitment, and this was achieved through job satisfaction† (Lok et al., 2011). Some limitations contained in this research calls for further research. In the first instance, this research is only applicable in Australia due to differences in culture across the different countries of the world. Another limitation is that the study was conducted in a hospital in which nurses spend long periods in the ward. Hence, in organizations where nurses move more frequently, they may not have adequate time to form subcultures that influence commitment (Lok et al., 2011). The findings of this research can be applied in healthcare organizations by creating an environment that promotes commitment. Servant leadership is critical in increasing the level of commitment among the employees. Hence, the nurse managers should embrace a transformative style of leadership in order to boost the level of commitment among the nurse Article 7: â€Å"Which Organizational Culture Moves Towards Organizational Excellency† by Gogheri et al., 2013. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate â€Å"the relationship of types of culture and the execution of organizational excellencies based on the EFQM model in government organizations† (Gogheri et al., 2013). 311 questionnaires were used to collect the data contained in this study (Gogheri et al., 2013). According to the descriptive data collected by the researchers, culture is a major determiner of the organization’s boundaries (Gogheri et al., 2013). Culture creates a stable and sustainable social system. The result findings found out that the majority of the respondents viewed culture as a label that is capable of connecting components of the organization through proper standards. The findings found it essential for nurse managers to understand culture issues in groups and the organization at large. However, the study was faced with several limitations. One of the limitations was lack of cooperation from personnel and organizations during the process of collecting. There were also some previous studies conducted on â€Å"the relationship between organizational culture and organizational excellence performance† that made the findings no original (Najmi Hosseini, 2006). According to the findings of this study, organizational culture is important in any organization since it affects goals and strategies set by the organization. Organizational culture can be a strength or weakness in the organization. Since nursing managers have an essential role of developing organizational culture, they should ensure they develop positive organizational culture that will impact the organization positively (Najmi Hosseini, 2006). Part B. Critique and Overall Summary The above articles address the issue of nurse retention in health organizations. The information contained in this articles can be successfully applied in addressing problems associated with retention of nurses in health care organizations. In the first article, the knowledge can be applied in health organizations by creating model nurse leaders and empowering the nursing councils. In the second article, the application of the insight collected can be done through increasing the autonomy of nurses, and this strategy can help lower nurses’ turnover rate and eventually retain more nurses in hospitals. The supervisors should also create good relationships with the employees. Nurse Managers can apply the findings of the third article by providing supervisory support to nurses during service delivery in the efforts to increase the organizational commitment among younger nurses (New York University, 2009). Nurse Managers should also avoid some practices such as mandatory overtime since they lead to reduced organizational commitment, and thus increased turnover. In the fourth article, the knowledge obtained can be applied by creating a more participative work environment where nurses collaborate freely with the management (Koen et al., 2013). Nurse Managers can apply the knowledge on the fifth article in healthcare organizations by working on factors that increase engagements. Some of these factors include nursing management, collaboration with physicians, shift work and resources (Sawatzky, Enns, 2012). The findings of the sixth and seventh research article can be applied in health care organizations by creating an environment that promotes commitment and as well as cultural sensitive work environment (Manojlovich, 2006). In summary, all the summarized articles are very credible, and they provide evidence-based practices that can be applied by nursing managers to avert the increasing problems associated with retention of nurses. Apart from the interventions identified in the articles, nursing managers can also address problems of retention among nurses by addressing shortages of nurses, adopting top-notch recruitment and retention policies, effective planning and use of the available nursing resources, and providing incentives that motivate nurses. Therefore, all the strategies identified in the articles when implemented effectively can increase nurses’ job satisfaction thus reducing problems of retention (Ley, 2007). Conclusion Nursing retention is an effective measure in curbing the problem of nurses’ shortages in heath care organizations. For nurse managers, understanding the mechanisms of retaining nurses is essential for the purposes of career development. This research paper has provided five articles addressing the issue of nurse retention, and two articles addressing organizational culture and it influence on retention. In regard to nurse retention, the style of leadership adopted by nurse administrator has direct impacts on the nurse retention. Hence, nurse administrators should create an environment that promotes commitment. In regard to organizational culture, leaders are largely responsible for developing an organizational culture and it important for nurse managers to use their positions to develop a positive culture that promote retention of nurses. References Brunetto, Y.( 2012). Study on Nurse Retention. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34, 28-38. Duffield, C. M., Roche, M. A., Blay, N., Stasa, H. (2011). Nursing unit managers, staff retention and the work environment.Journal of clinical nursing,20(1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 2), 23-33. Gogheri, A. S., Nawaser, K., Vesal, S. M., Jahanshahi, A. A., Kazi, R. (2013). Which organizational culture moves towards organizational excellency. Asian Social Science, 9(11), 221-236. Koen, V., et al. (2013). Effective strategies for nurse retention in acute hospitals: A mixed method study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 50(2):185–194 Ley, L. (2007). ‘Shortage of Nurses.’ Journal of medical practice. 3(1), 23-43. Lok, P., Jo, R., Westwood, B. (2011). The mediating role of organizational subcultures in health care organizations, Journal of Health Organization and Management, 25(5): pp.506 – 525. Manojlovich, M. (2006). Enhancing nurses job satisfaction through improvements in the practice environment and effective nurse physician communication. Journal of Nursing Administration, 36(5), 229-230 Najmi, M., Hosseini, S. (2006). EFQM Excellence Model, From Idea to Execution. Ronas (6th ed.). Tehran, Iran. New York University. (20130). Keeping Nurses on the Job: Retention Is Part Of The Answer To The Nursing Shortage. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 29, 2014 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090330154802.htm Sawatzky, V. Enns, C.(2012). Exploring the key predictors of retention in emergency nurses. Journal of Nursing Management., 20(5); 696-707. Wieck, K., et al. (2010). Retention priorities for the intergenerational nurse workforce. Nursing Forum, 45(1), 7-17.

Columbus?s Arrival :: Christopher Columbus Essays

Columbus’s Arrival A lot of people would agree that Christopher Columbus was the founder of and first to discover America. On the other hand, people have come to the conclusion that Christopher Columbus was the worst thing that could have ever happened to America. This is the question were trying to find, would it have been better if he never even discovered this unexplored continent? Through all of my research and interviews I’ve come to this conclusion. There are to many good and bad arguments dealing with Columbus, too many to even make my own decision but here are a few things that other people in my generation have to say. Before Christopher Columbus came, life in this unexplored territory was vast and extremely empty except for the native Americans that inhabited a few separated acres of this continent. They were here before anybody they had discovered Cuba, the west coast and even the Pacific Coast of California. Life was plain and simple for the Natives, they had adequate amounts of food and water they had treatments for almost all diseases they were just fine and dandy except for the occasional tribal war over land. Soon that life was about to change and all credit is given by most to Christopher Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"First of all he never even reached America, he landed in Cuba. Second he, not personally, was the reason for thousands of Native Americans deaths†. Indigo Rodriguez. â€Å"He brought over so many diseases that there really was no chance for the natives to survive.† Cort Zimmerman. His arrival brought so many horrific things but the one that really caught my attention from what people said was that of the forcing of the Christian religion on the natives. The Spanish (Columbus), came over with a mentality of, our religion is the only one that will lead you to heaven so either you convert or we’ll kill you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m sorry to say this but if things didn’t happen the way they did, society and religion wouldn’t be as prosperous as it is today. We could still be learning how electricity works if it weren’t for him†¦ This county might not even of turned out Democratic, the Russians could of got here first and actually of prospered with a communist society.† Dimitri Boyd. I asked people of what they thought of science and evolution and the response from a majority was that of â€Å"I’m all for it, I wouldn’t have such a cool car if it wasn’t for science. Columbus?s Arrival :: Christopher Columbus Essays Columbus’s Arrival A lot of people would agree that Christopher Columbus was the founder of and first to discover America. On the other hand, people have come to the conclusion that Christopher Columbus was the worst thing that could have ever happened to America. This is the question were trying to find, would it have been better if he never even discovered this unexplored continent? Through all of my research and interviews I’ve come to this conclusion. There are to many good and bad arguments dealing with Columbus, too many to even make my own decision but here are a few things that other people in my generation have to say. Before Christopher Columbus came, life in this unexplored territory was vast and extremely empty except for the native Americans that inhabited a few separated acres of this continent. They were here before anybody they had discovered Cuba, the west coast and even the Pacific Coast of California. Life was plain and simple for the Natives, they had adequate amounts of food and water they had treatments for almost all diseases they were just fine and dandy except for the occasional tribal war over land. Soon that life was about to change and all credit is given by most to Christopher Columbus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"First of all he never even reached America, he landed in Cuba. Second he, not personally, was the reason for thousands of Native Americans deaths†. Indigo Rodriguez. â€Å"He brought over so many diseases that there really was no chance for the natives to survive.† Cort Zimmerman. His arrival brought so many horrific things but the one that really caught my attention from what people said was that of the forcing of the Christian religion on the natives. The Spanish (Columbus), came over with a mentality of, our religion is the only one that will lead you to heaven so either you convert or we’ll kill you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m sorry to say this but if things didn’t happen the way they did, society and religion wouldn’t be as prosperous as it is today. We could still be learning how electricity works if it weren’t for him†¦ This county might not even of turned out Democratic, the Russians could of got here first and actually of prospered with a communist society.† Dimitri Boyd. I asked people of what they thought of science and evolution and the response from a majority was that of â€Å"I’m all for it, I wouldn’t have such a cool car if it wasn’t for science.

Microsoft Vista and Home Computing Essay

In 2005, Microsoft announced that it was working on a new version of their Windows operating system that would fix many security problems that were plaguing Windows-XP users. Consequently, many software lovers eagerly anticipated the launch of the upgraded operating system, named Widows Vista. Unfortunately, after Vista was released in 2007, it disappointed most users and critics because of its lack-luster performance, high cost and incompatibility with XP software. It is worse than Windows XP, and home-computer users today are better off using Windows 7 Home Premium. Windows Vista was released five years after XP, taking longer to produce than previous versions of Windows. XP had numerous security flaws that allowed hackers to manipulate or destroy a computer user’s data or cripple network communication, and Microsoft aimed to fix these with Vista (Ricadela 2006). Viruses, spyware, trojans and other forms of malware can easily infect XP, especially when users access the internet. Microsoft’s preoccupation with fixing these bugs in XP eventually delayed the production and release of Vista (Ricciuti 2004). Unfortunately, after Vista was released in 2007, it met harsh criticism from press reviewers, corporate users and home-computing users. A corporate satisfaction survey launched in 2008 indicated that only 8% of Vista users were very satisfied compared to 40% for XP users (Keizer 2008). Netmarketshare (2010) also estimates that Vista has the smallest portion of users (14. 34%) among the currently-used Windows operating systems, with Windows 7 at second place (14. 46%) and XP with the most users at 61. 87% (2010). Home users will find it difficult to use Vista, especially if they have been used to the more stable XP operating system. XP users will realize that Vista’s system requirements are higher than XP’s. Consequently, existing users have to upgrade their computer hardware or buy a new computer altogether if they want to upgrade to Vista. Microsoft recommends at least a 1 GHz processor, 1 GB of Random Access Memory (RAM), a 128-MB video-graphics card capable of DirectX 9. 0, at least 40 GB of Hard Disk Drive (HDD) capacity with at least 15 GB of free space, and a DVD-ROM drive to install the software (Microsoft 2010). It may be possible to run Vista with less, but the performance will crawl. In reality, one needs much more than the stated requirements to achieve reasonable performance. Vista’s performance is also slower compared to XP and Windows 7. XP users will immediately notice the difference in speed when they start using Vista. Many tasks seem to crawl compared to XP. Benchmark tests run by Tom’s Hardware indicated that XP is generally faster than Vista, and the testers recommend sticking with XP because â€Å"it cannot perform better than Windows XP† (Schmid 2007). For example, basic tasks, such as copying files, are much slower than XP. Microsoft released a Service Pack upgrade to fix this problem, but ZDNet benchmark tests indicate that the upgraded Vista is still slower than XP (Kingsley-Hughes 2008). In fact, computers that were purchased pre-installed with licensed Vista software performed so poorly that customers wanted to downgrade it to XP, but retailers charged a fee for it. Consequently, customers sued Microsoft for this (Melanson 2009). Avid gamers will also be very disappointed if they use Vista in their home computers. Just like Tom’s Hardware, Techgage processed comparative tests using different games running in both Vista and XP. Naturally, XP was faster than Vista (Williams 2007). The graphics drivers of Vista are simply not developed enough, and the basic requirements of Vista itself are heavier than XP. Microsoft attempted to fix this again through a Service Pack upgrade. However, even after the â€Å"fix,† game developers still recommend Vista users to double the requirements of XP users. For instance, Capcom, the publisher of the game Devil May Cry 4, requires a minimum of 2 GB of memory for Vista users. However, XP users only need 1 GB (PC Game Requirements 2010). Some XP software and hardware are also not compatible with Vista. Existing home computer users who already spent a considerable investment in software will be frustrated again with Vista’s inability to run some of their existing computer programs such as virus scanners. Even many businesses did not bother to upgrade from XP to Vista when it was released because of this incompatibility issue (Deare 2007). The US Department of Transportation has also banned any upgrades from XP to Vista citing software incompatibility issues, costs and the lack of additional features that could prove to be useful or advantageous (McDougall 2007). Using Vista with WiFi will also be difficult. While connecting to networks with XP is not a problem, Vista sometimes refuses to connect with some networks (Claerr 2008). Even if one is able to connect to the router, the Internet may be absent or access to network files and printers may not be available. The user may also be disconnected intermittently from the router if he or she is able to connect, or the speed may be very slow. Fixes may involve upgrading routers, but if the router is not owned by the user, such as in airports, cafes or other public Wifi hotspots, then connections are not possible unless XP or other compatible operating systems are used. Vista also consumes more power than XP. This means that laptop batteries will drain faster using Vista. It is due to Vista’s higher hardware requirements that use more energy. Attempting to turn off some of Vista’s features, such as its fancy graphical interface, will make it more energy-efficient. However, doing the same with XP still makes it greener than Vista. Vista is also more expensive than XP or Windows 7. Microsoft Vista Home Premium currently retails for $239. 95 in online software retailers. On the other hand, Windows 7 Home Premium retails for only $199. 99. And if one buys a new, discounted, old-model personal computer today, with a CRT screen, a tower CPU and an extended keyboard for around 200 to 250 dollars, sometimes Windows XP is already bundled together with the entire package, making it virtually free. This is why Vista is not cost effective. Some of the new features of Vista are also not impressive compared to its predecessor, Windows XP and its successor Windows 7. The new graphical interface of Vista is more aesthetic than XP, but it slows down performance to the point where it is not worth it. The new versions of bundled software such as the internet browser, media player, email manager, photo manager, appointment manager and movie maker are either downloadable for free for XP users or available for free either from third-party vendors or packaged together with purchased hardware like cameras and scanners. The new security prompts can also be nagging or annoying. The most noticeable new feature for Vista is the Aero graphical user interface. Compared to XP, it appears more three-dimensional. The new eye candy has improved icons, animations and thumbnails that are live. The transparencies are also new. However, since Aero uses more energy, it drains the battery life of laptops. Turning it off will save power (Murph 2007). Another new feature that is immediately noticeable is the Windows Sidebar. It is a transparent panel where various applets or small programs called Desktop Gadgets can be attached or removed. These applets include gadgets such as clocks, weather information, news, photographs, currency converters and so forth. In Windows XP, a similar panel called Google Gadgets can be downloaded for free, courtesy of Google. Internet Explorer 7 also comes with Vista. This version has new features including multiple tabbed windows, the ability to zoom pages, a filter against phising (hackers attempting to gather important data such as passwords from users), additional security features, including restricting suspected malicious software from writing beyond the Temporary Internet Files folder without consent, and International Domain Name (IDN) support. However, these features and many more are included in free internet browsers such Mozilla’s Firefox and Google’s Chrome, which can be downloaded and installed using Windows XP or other operating systems for free. A new version of Windows Media Player, version 11, is also bundled with Vista. A new feature in this version allows users to search for music or video files while they type. This is called â€Å"word wheeling. † It also includes a new media library Graphical User Interface (GUI), a photo organizer and an Internet file-sharing feature. However, new versions of Media Player can be downloaded from Microsoft’s website under Windows XP for free. Moreover, there are other third-party software applications that provide free video and audio software, including codecs, to play all the latest types of media for free. Again, these can be downloaded from the Internet using XP or other operating systems. Vista also includes a new version of Outlook Express which was renamed Windows Mail. It features continuously-updated junk-mail and phishing filtering. However, there are better email management programs, such as Mozilla’s Thunderbird, that can again be downloaded for free from the Internet using XP or other operating systems. Windows email systems have also always been the prime target of hackers and malware authors, so using a different email program such as Thunderbird is more secure and safe. There are also new multimedia applications that are included In Vista, but these programs are usually included for free with the hardware that they support. For example, Vista includes Windows Photo Gallery, which allows users to import pictures from digital cameras, organize them, adjust their properties and produce slideshows. But software that is bundled for free with digital cameras is more advanced than Vista’s basic Photo Gallery. There are also new games included with Vista. A new chess and mahjong game is included. A folder is also included to organize all of the games. Unfortunately, like previous versions of Windows, the bundled games are not the type of commercial games that users like or want to play. And if they have an existing game collection already, they will run slower on Vista and may not even run at all. Vista also has speech recognition software integrated within Vista. It allows users to hear words in computer applications by allowing the computer to speak them out loud in a robotic voice that may not be comprehensible occasionally. This feature may be useful for those with visual problems, but usually the visually impaired purchase better speech recognition software such as Dragon Naturally Speaking, which is available in XP and other operating systems. Vista also has other minor new features. It has new fonts and improved international fonts. For mobile computer users, there is also a centralized control panel called the Windows Mobile Center for controlling properties needed by laptop user such as battery life, wireless connections, brightness, screen orientation and other settings. There is also a new version of Netmeeting renamed Windows Meeting Space. This allows different users to share their entire desktop or individual applications over the Internet with other users. And there is also a new version of the back up and restore application which facilitates the restoration of damaged data. The improvements however are not significantly new. In conclusion, home computer users should avoid Windows Vista altogether. If one is an existing XP user who is thinking about upgrading, one should just forget about it since it may make home computing worse. It is also overpriced. However, if one is purchasing a brand new state-of-the-art PC or laptop with an option for choosing one’s operating system, then Windows 7 is the answer. On the other hand, if one is on a budget and wishes to purchase new, discounted, old-model PCs pre-installed with licensed versions of Windows XP, then that is a satisfactory option as well. But whatever one does, one should always avoid Vista. It’s a lemon. References Claerre, J. (2008). Vista Problems With WiFi. eHow. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. ehow. com/about_5106461_vista-problems-wifi. html Deare, Steven. (2007, May 14). Gartner: App testing delaying Vista rollouts. ZDNet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. zdnetasia. com/gartner-app-testing-delaying-vista-rollouts-62012902. htm Devil May Cry 4 Game Requirements. (2008, Jul 26). PC Game Requirements. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. pcgamerequirements. com/game-index/devil-may-cry-4-game-requirements/ Keizer, G. (2008, Mar 26). Leopard drubs Vista in corporate satisfaction survey. Computerworld. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/9072218/Leopard_drubs_Vista_in_corporate_satisfaction_survey? nlid=1&source=NLT_AM Kingsley-Hughes, A. (2008, Feb 15). Vista SP1 vs. XP SP2 – Benchmarked. ZDnet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. zdnet. com/blog/hardware/vista-sp1-vs-xp-sp2-benchmarked/1332 McDougall, P. (2007, Mar 2). Microsoft Hit By U. S. DOT Ban On Windows Vista, Explorer 7, and Office 2007. Information Week. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. informationweek. com/news/security/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=197700789 Melanson, D. (2009, Feb 16). Microsoft gets sued over Windows XP downgrade fees. Engadget. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. engadget. com/2009/02/16/microsoft-gets-sued-over-windows-xp-downgrade-fees/ Microsoft. (2010). Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance. Technet. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://technet. microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc507845. aspx Murph, D. (2007, May 3). Vista’s Aero interface blamed for truncated battery life. Engadget. Retrieved Aug 13, 2010, from http://www. engadget. com/2007/05/04/vistas-aero-interface-blamed-for-truncated-battery-life/ Netmarketshare. (2010, Jul). Operating System Market Share. Retrieved Aug 13, 2010, from http://marketshare. hitslink. com/operating-system-market-share. aspx? qprid=10 Ricadela, A. (2006, Feb 14). Gates Says Security Is Job One For Vista. Information Week. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. informationweek.com/news/windows/microsoft_news/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=180201580 Ricciuti, M. (2004, Apr 1). Microsoft: Longhorn beta unlikely this year. Cnet News. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://news. cnet. com/Microsoft-Longhorn-beta-unlikely-this-year/2100-1008_3-5183385. html Schmid, P. (2007, Jan 29). Windows XP vs. Vista: The Benchmark Rundown. Tom’s Hardware. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://www. tomshardware. com/reviews/xp-vs-vista,1531. html Williams, Rob. (2007, Jan 29). Windows Vista Gaming Performance Reports. Techgage. Retrieved August 13, 2010, from http://techgage. com/article/windows_vista_gaming_performance_reports/2