Festival and Events

Executive Summary The charity sector is large and growing, and has substantial assets at its disposal. Sport charities today form an increasingly important part for the local economy and also promoting healthy living at the same time (Fill, Groan and Fairly, 2012). Serve your racquets! A racquet sports charity event organized by Starry Family. It is a unique sport charity event as it only focuses on racquet based sports, organized to raise funds to help and support single parent's in the State of Victoria, Australia. Serve your racquets! S to be held at major sporting venues in and around the City of Melbourne on the last two weeks of November 2013 with local celebrities taking part in the games to promote the noble cause aimed at promoting family wellness and healthy living. While sport participation continues to represent a prominent aspect of leisure and recreation, there has also been a pronounced shift toward support of charitable causes for both individual consumers and corpora tions (King, 2001). Giving to charity is a complex decision driven by a variety of motives.Research has shown that reciprocity is an important motivating factor for charitable donations among young professionals today (Fill, Funk and O'brien, 2010). Reciprocity involves an individual giving to charity because he or she has benefited from, or anticipates benefiting from, the charity's central activities. Research has also suggested motives related to inherent needs of donors such as self-esteem and the need to help others (Ruthenium, 2000, as cited in Fill, Funk and O'brien, 2010). 1 . Serve your racquets!The idea/theme of this sports charity is that it only focuses on racquet sports such as tennis, badminton, squash and table tennis and etc to raise funds for single parent's facing difficulties in their everyday life. It is a unique charity event which is open to he public over a period of the last 2 weeks in the month of November 2013, allowing more participation from the public. W hat makes it exciting is that participants of the event is allowed to wear any costumes they like as long it is not revealing or indecent clothing. The principle of Serve your racquets!The aim of Serve your racquets! Is to educate the greater community in order to increase their awareness of everyday problems/challenges faced by single parent's. To do this, sports is involved as it is the most common activities in the world, with participation in very country and at all levels of society. Sports have a strong history all levels of society which in turn allows both the participants and the public at large to help those in need by meaner of education and awareness and living a healthy lifestyle at the same time (Fill, Groan and Fairly, 2012).Here is the general outline of the purpose of the sports charity event concept: The purpose of this concept is so that once completed, evaluations can be done to see if the event can be delivered successfully within the available timeshare and res ources. This process is known as the feasibility study (Allen, Harris and McDonnell, 2008). There are three steps in the feasibility study related to events. 1 . The marketing screen 2. The operations screen 3. The financial screen The marketing screen involves examining how the target audience of the event is likely to respond to the event concept (All et al. 008). This meaner that the event managers will need to pay a great deal of attention to media responses and the responses (feedbacks) of those who hear about the event concept. Event successfully, and whether the event managers have these skills and resources or have access to them (Allen et al. 2002). In this case any resources or skills required or the event are generously available, such as security, medical standby services and food stalls. This screen examines whether the event organization has the sufficient financial commitment, sponsorship and revenue to undertake the event (Allen et al. 008). Optimistically the event will have some form of sponsorship support as described in the stakeholder section, and if objectives are reached there will be a profit of over hundred thousand dollars. The key target of the event The goals of the Serve your racquets! Event is to: 1. To raise funds to help and support single parent's. 2. To attract at least ten thousand attendees during the 2 weakling events. 3. Raise over two hundred and fifty thousand dollars in participation fees alone. 4.To earn recognition from all stakeholders (including the public) during the event to formulate it into a major event. 2. The stakeholders of Serve your racquets! Event. L. The organizer Starry Family as the main organizer that will be running the event. II. Internal staff (or Volunteers) The event will require area managers who coordinate the activities in each area (in and around the City of Melbourne), guidance staff who inform and direct attendees and participants, medics for health and emergency services and security in ca se of any unwanted activities and disturbances.Ill. Event planner/manager Event planner and general manager who coordinates and provides logistics for the event. The people who signed up for the event or attending to watch the events. There will be those that come to the event for purely for entertainment reasons, and those who will get involved in buying and selling merchandise. V. Sponsors In the recent decades, sponsorship is no longer seen as a measure of goodwill, but a primary promotional tool in the market mix (Conway, 2004). Therefore it is very likely that this event will receive some benefits from sponsors.VI. Media The many forms of media that will be used to promote and advertise the event is through social media websites, radio along with newspaper advertisements with details such as date, venue, participant fees and other important event details that participants may be interested in. 3. Marketing/Promotion With technology growing at a fast pace, marketing/promoting th e â€Å"Serve your racquets! † event through certain media sources can result in positive revenue and create more attention to the not only fans of the sports but the broader audience.With the rapid growth in social media websites and the easy-to-access ideal through smart phone APS, this form of marketing can become very beneficial in the long run (Wolf, Here, and Walker, 2013). The most commonly used websites to promote a sport charity event through social media are Faceable and Twitter. Besides that, advertisement will be made on newspapers with announcements on the radio. Marketing this event through social media websites can be a very handy way to create awareness and recognition as Faceable has received more than 1. Billion visits a week and twitter receives more than 400 million visits a month (Sullivan, 012). A website linked by social media application will provide the event details such as date, venue, fees and other important event details that participants may be interested in. 4. Contested Meaning Other important decisions that need to be made whilst developing an event concept is the duration of the event and the season, days and times when the event will be held (Allen et al. 2002). The event will be held on the last two weeks of November.Reason being that though it is an outdoor and indoor event the good weather conditions are beneficial as more people would be willing to go out as often as possible. The two weakling events will start on Sunday the seventeenth of November and it will end on Saturday the thirtieth of November. The event times are: Weekdays, am – pm Weekend, loam – pm The weekdays are predicted to attract the seniors and non workers, while the weekend is predicted to attract families and young adults who work on weekdays.The event is expected to be held at the Rod Lever Arena and at the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre. The reason of the choice of venues is that both host venues has very good access to public transportation and both venues as ample of space to host various racquet games. 6. Community Benefit At least 40% of the collected fees will be used to cover necessary expenses incurred during the event. Meanwhile, the rest of the 60% of the collected fees along all personal and pledged donations will go 100% directly to Starry Family for the benefits of single parent's in the State of Victoria.This will help improve and provide a sustainable path for thousands of single parent's. Besides that, the local community has the opportunity to take part in the events to exercise further boosting the image 7. Estimated Economic Impact Starry Family as the organizer will have to rent booths, and tents on venues, generating income for the host of the respective sporting venues. Starry Family will also be setting up booths for sport retailers to sell their sport equipment and merchandise as well as souvenirs for the event.Attendees and/or participants will likely spend money both at the event and in the surrounding community (those traveling to the sporting venues). This will surely boost revenue for businesses located in and round the city as well as making full use of the public transport. 9. List of sponsors Request for sponsorship has been made to the Commonwealth Bank (Australia's largest bank), Rebel Sport (sporting and leisure equipment retailer), Mercer (global leader in HER and related financial advice), The City of Melbourne (as the venue partner) and Woolworth (Australia's largest food retailer). 0. Media and broadcast coverage There will be media coverage by Channel Ten, BBC local radio as well as the Herald Sun newspaper to report on the highlights and latest happenings during the event. 1 1 . Seeking Government funding Request has been made to the State Government of Victoria for funds to partially over the cost of organizing the event if 100% of all personal and pledged donations are to be made to Singleness (Australia's biggest charity for sing le parent's).The contribution of recreation and charity motives in the development of attachment demonstrates motives related to leisure including escape, social, competency, and intellectual. With motives related to charitable giving such as reciprocity, self-esteem, need to help others, and desire to improve the charity play a part in a sport event taking on enhanced importance and greater meaning for participants (Wolf, Here, and walker, 2013).

Spider Monkey Facts (Ateles)

Spider Monkey Facts (Ateles) Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles. They have long limbs and prehensile tails, giving them the appearance of large arboreal spiders. The name Ateles comes from the Greek word atà ©leia, which means incomplete and refers to the spider monkeys lack of thumbs. Fast Facts: Spider Monkey Scientific Name: Ateles sp.Common Name: Spider monkeyBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 14-26 inch body; up to 35 inch tailWeight:13-24 poundsLifespan: 20-27 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Central and South American rain forestsPopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Vulnerable to Critically Endangered Species There are seven species and seven subspecies of spider monkey. The species are the red-faced spider monkey, white-fronted spider monkey, Peruvian spider monkey, brown (variegated) spider monkey, white-cheeked spider monkey, brown-headed spider monkey, and Geoffroys spider monkey. Spider monkeys are closely related to woolly monkeys and howler monkeys. Description Spider monkeys have extremely long limbs and prehensile tails. The tails have hairless tips and grooves resembling fingerprints. The monkeys have small heads with hairless faces and wide-set nostrils. Their hands are narrow with long, curved fingers and reduced or non-existent thumbs. Depending on the species, hair color may be white, gold, brown, or black. The hands and feet are usually black. Males tend to be slightly larger than females. Spider monkeys range from 14 to 26 inches in body length with a tail up to 35 inches in length. On average, they weigh anywhere from 13 to 24 pounds. Habitat and Distribution Spider monkeys spend their lives in trees of tropical rain forests in Central and South America. Their habitat ranges from southern Mexico to Brazil. Spider monkeys live in Central and South America. Jackhynes / Wikimedia Commons Diet Most of the spider monkeys diet consists of fruit. However, when fruit is scarce, they eat flowers, leaves, and insects. The lead female within a group organizes foraging. If food is abundant, the group feeds together, but it will split if resources are scarce. Most feeding occurs in the early morning hours, but spider monkeys feed throughout the day and sleep in trees at night. Behavior The average spider monkey group ranges from 15 to 25 individuals. The closest bonds are between females and their offspring. Males also group together. Unlike most primate species, it is the females rather than the males that disperse at puberty and join new groups. Spider monkeys are highly intelligent. They communicate using vocalizations, scent marking with urine and feces, and body postures. Reproduction and Offspring The female spider monkey selects her mate from within her social group. Gestation lasts between 226 to 232 days, usually resulting in a single offspring, but sometimes twins. The female has sole care of her young, which she carries with her as she forages. Her offspring tightly wraps its tail around its mothers midsection or tail. Spider monkeys reach sexual maturity between 4 and 5 years of age. Females only bear offspring once every three or four years. Young males sometimes commit infanticide within their group to increase their chance of mating. In the wild, spider monkeys may live 20 to 27 years.They may live over 40 years in captivity. Geoffroys spider monkey with young. Mark Newman / Getty Images Conservation Status All spider monkey populations are decreasing. The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the Guiana spider monkey (Ateles paniscus) as vulnerable. Four species are endangered. The variegated spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) and brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) are critically endangered. Spider Monkeys and Humans Humans are the main threat to spider monkey survival. The monkeys are widely hunted as food and suffer from habitat loss due to deforestation. Some populations live in protected areas. Spider monkeys are susceptible to malaria and are used as research animals in studies of the disease. Sources Cuarà ³n, A.D., Morales, A., Shedden, A., Rodriguez-Luna, E., de Grammont, P.C.; Cortà ©s-Ortiz, L. Ateles geoffroyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T2279A9387270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2279A9387270.enGroves, C.P. in Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.Kinzey, W. G. New world primates: ecology, evolution, and behavior. Aldine Transaction, 1997. ISBN 978-0-202-01186-8.Mittermeier, R.A. Locomotion and Posture in Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles paniscus. Folia Primatologica. 30 (3): 161–193, 1978. doi:10.1159/000155862Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B.; Boubli, J. Ateles paniscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T2283A17929494.

7 Ways to Beat Writers Block

7 Ways to Beat Writers Block 7 Ways to Beat Writers Block 7 Ways to Beat Writers Block By Michael Every writer, at times, has trouble thinking of what to say next. Or what to say at all. The cause may be fear, pressure, perfectionism, but often lack of inspiration. No doubt even Mesopotamian scribes of five thousand years ago hesitated before putting stylus to tablet. We’ve written about writer’s block several times over the years, and here are seven practical suggestions to ease the symptoms of writer’s block. 1. Give yourself something to edit Seeing all my mistakes motivates me to change them. So why not leave your rough drafts rough? Dont proofread as you write. Leave out words (I, you, he, she, they, a and the) that may help you write faster. Abbreviate freely. Later, fixing these little things gets me into an mood for work, and I end up fixing the big things too. Correct spelling, neat handwriting or accurate spellchecking is only necessary to make sure you can later recognize what you wrote. Getting close may be okay. I’ve typed usable prose in the dark. When Ive seen rough drafts of famous literature, I marvel at how rough they were. 2. Get a running start As you work on your book, to make it easier to get started again, reread or even retype what you wrote last time. With my first novel, I allowed myself some light editing of what I had already written, before charging into the new days writing. That may not work for everyone. Many writers prime the pump by doing free writing putting down anything that comes into their heads. You could start by copying out a paragraph from an author you admire. Or type a common proverb over and over, such as All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. On second thought, dont do that. 3. Choose your stopping points Stop when you know what you will say next, not when you dont. That is, dont finish your scene before stopping for the night; leave it ready to finish the next day. Yes, this seems counter-intuitive, stopping the flow of words to keep the words from stopping. But this way you can choose your own stopping point instead of letting circumstances (or bedtime) choose one for you. Youre stopping at a point from which its easy to start again. For example, if youre Jane Austen writing Pride and Prejudice, as soon as your heroine finds out who broke her sisters heart (because the man tells her it was him), that’s a good place to call it a night. In tomorrow’s writing session, Miss Bennet will tell Mr. Darcy exactly what she thinks of him, and writing the rest of that scene will be a breeze. 4. Write super-slow Writing slowly is the normal way to write, so if you get used to it, you wont stress about it. Everybody thinks faster than they can verbalize. A professional speaker might give a memorized speech at 9,000 words an hour, but a professional writer can’t memorize anything because they haven’t written it yet. They might write 1,000 words an hour, less than one word in three seconds. Even dictating one word a second sounds embarrassingly slow to someone who isnt used to it. Great writers get used to it. Imagine Charles Dickens as he begins writing A Tale of Two Cities sometime between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. one day: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.. (long pause) it was the age of (pause) something (pause) wisdom, it was the age of (pause) something something (long pause) foolishness It sounds a lot better without the pauses, but I don’t think Dickens could have written without any. Dickens was sharp, but not superhuman. He was a phenomenally successful public speaker, but he spoke smoothly only because he carefully prepared his speeches. With a pen. He couldn’t write his first draft as smoothly. Even a skilled public speaker doesnt speak without pauses, so why should a writer feel ashamed of pauses? 5. Write super-fast On the other hand, you might try to write at the speed of your thought. Writing fast lets unexpected thoughts slip in. You will lose fewer of those good thoughts that flee away before you can write them down. When the thoughts come more slowly, that is less of a problem. When the thoughts come more quickly, you may find your fingers cant keep up with them. Above all, if you find your train of thought derailed by your internal editor, dont let it win. Simply refuse to edit until you’ve finished writing. One helpful technique: never hit the backspace key more than once. Tell your internal editor that at this point, if you want editing or proofreading, one backspace is all you get. Another helpful technique: never hit the backspace key at all. 6. Mix it up Changing around the elements of your story, making them fresh, will often spark inspiration. We wrote about one way to do that the SCAMPER method, which stand for Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Magnify, Put to Other Uses, Eliminate, and Reverse but there are many others. Changing up your approach to your writing will benefit more than yourself. Readability experts such as Rudolph Flesch have discovered that readability goes up any time a writer uses an unexpected word, such as chicken in an astronomy article, or cucumber in a web design article, or any time a writer uses quotation marks anywhere. 7. Recharge your batteries One way to break your writers block is to change your routine. Research shows that you can increase your creativity simply by using your less-dominant hand occasionally. So spend some time away from writing. Spend time reading. Read something outside your field. Work outside your field (or work in a field, if you never have). Pray or meditate. Visit another part of the world. Chop wood. Talk to a a child. You’re a writer, yes, but you’re not only a writer. Becoming a fuller human being will make you a fuller writer, and writers block may become less of a problem. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Hyper and HypoEspecially vs. Specially

Homo Erectus Colonization in Europe

Homo Erectus Colonization in Europe Geoarchaeologists working on the coast of the North Sea of Britain at Pakefield in Suffolk, England have discovered artifacts suggesting that our human ancestor Homo erectus arrived in northern Europe much earlier than previously thought. Homo Erectus in England According to an article published in Nature on December 15, 2005, an international team led by Simon Parfitt of the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain  (AHOB) project has discovered 32 pieces of black flint debitage, including a core and retouched flake, in alluvial sediments dated to about 700,000 years ago. These artifacts represent the debris created by flintknapping, the manufacture of a stone tool, possibly for butchering purposes. The flint chips were recovered from four separate places within the channel fill deposits of a stream bed which in-filled during the inter-glacial period of the Early Pleistocene. This means that the artifacts were what archaeologists call out of primary context. In other words, fill in stream channels comes from soils moved downstream from other places. The occupation site- the site where the flintknapping took place- may be just a little upstream, or quite a ways upstream, or may, in fact, have been completely destroyed by movements of the stream bed. Nevertheless, the location of the artifacts in this old channel bed does mean that the artifacts must be at least as old as the channel fill; or, according to researchers, at least 700,000 years ago. The Oldest Homo Erectus The oldest known Homo erectus site outside of Africa is Dmanisi, in the Republic of Georgia, dated to approximately 1.6 million years ago. Gran Dolina in the Atapuerca valley of Spain includes evidence of Homo erectus at 780,000 years ago. But the earliest known Homo erectus site in England prior to the discoveries at Pakefield is Boxgrove, only 500,000 years old. The Artifacts The artifact assemblage, or rather assemblages since they were in four separate areas, include a core fragment with several hard-hammer percussion flakes removed from it and a retouched flake. A core fragment is the term used by archaeologists to mean the original hunk of stone from which flakes were removed. Hard hammer means the flintknappers used a rock to bang on the core to get flattish, sharp-edged chips called flakes. Flakes produced in this manner may be used as tools, and a retouched flake is a flake that shows evidence of this use. The rest of the artifacts are unretouched flakes. The tool assemblage is probably not Acheulean, which includes handaxes, but is characterized in the article as Mode 1. Mode 1 is a very old, simple technology of flakes, pebble tools, and choppers made with hard hammer percussion. Implications Since at the time England was connected to Eurasia by a land bridge, the Pakefield artifacts dont imply that Homo erectus needed boats to get to the North Sea coastline. Neither does it imply that Homo erectus originated in Europe; the oldest Homo erectus are found at Koobi Fora, in Kenya, where a long history of earlier hominin ancestors is also known. Interestingly, the artifacts from the Pakefield site also do not imply that Homo erectus adapted to a cooler, chillier climate; during the time period in which the artifacts were deposited, the climate in Suffolk was balmier, closer to the Mediterranean climate traditionally considered the climate of choice for Homo erectus. Homo erectus or heidelbergensis? The Nature article merely says early man, referring to either Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis. Basically, H. heidelbergensis is still very enigmatic, but may be a transitional stage between H. erectus and modern humans or a separate species. There are no hominid remains recovered from Pakefield as of yet, so the people who lived at Pakefield may have been either one. Resources and Further Reading Parfitt, Simon L. The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe. Nature 438, Renà © W. Barendregt, Marzia Breda, et al., Nature, December 14, 2005. Roebroeks, Wil. Life on the Costa del Cromer. Nature 438, Nature, December 14, 2005. An unsigned article in British Archaeology titled Hunting for the first humans in Britain and dated 2003 describes the work of AHOB. The December 2005 issue of British Archaeology has an article on the findings. Thanks to members of BritArch for their additions.

A Reflection of My Mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

A Reflection of My Mother - Essay Example We all knew he loved us but he wasn’t a very affectionate person that always gave out hugs and kisses. Before I knew it, I was the official babysitter, watching my own sister and brothers, feeling like the mother goose. Growing up with a lot of responsibility, I was brought up to be resourceful and to never waste food. Being a middle-class family, my mom was a little frugal and taught us to make goals and to stick to them. I was very involved in sports to stay out of trouble and planned around my sister and brothers functions so that we can all be home together at the same time. She also told us to never take pity on ourselves for the cards we have dealt; it happened, so now we should move on. We all learned to have respect for the elders and to help one another. I benefited from my childhood because it, and my parents, helped to set the foundation for the person I wanted to be when I grew up. I watched and studied how my parents, especially my mother, handled things and lived her life, and I strived to be just like her. I figured that if she could do a good job being the person that she was, then I could be the same way. The love that she had for others really inspired me to be just as loving and as giving. Today, I have two children of my own, a daughter who is seven and a son who is eight years old and they both demand a lot of my attention. With all the years of training I received when I was younger, it just seems to come naturally to me. I work hard, apply myself and volunteer to help others. I do not always have the time, but I do try to make time. Another important quality I find in myself is that I do care for everyone, family or strangers. I volunteer to donate blood/platelets to help the people and cancer patients who need it. I sometimes find myself crying in front of the television over a commercial, feeling so happy or sad for that person.  Ã‚  

Health in East London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health in East London - Essay Example The NHS is working hand in hand with the local authority to ensure that people with mental health problems get housing even after discharge from mental health organizations. It shows how gross the problem has become in this location (Local Government Association, 2013, p.8). Mind dedicates its efforts to dealing with this health challenge. Its local support comprises of over two hundred and fifty thousand people with supported housing, helping in crisis, employment, counseling and training facilities. This company has worked for more than sixty years supporting its community members and those beyond with mental health challenges. These communities are the East London area, containing the North East London and the South East London. The North East is home to seven communities, and bound in the south by Dundas Street, and in the east by Richmond Street (Fishman, 1979). It is also home to the London International airport. The South East is home to eleven communities and houses the Westminster ponds and the Western Ontario Fish and Game Protective association. The Mind mental health organization is in the Newham area of East London. The Newham area comprises of a merging of the former Essex County with the county of West ham (Trust for London & New Policy I nstitute, 2013-2014). It has a rich history that made it located as a gateway to London. In 1850s, the building of the Royal Docks for the new steamships brought about its rapid changes. They become a very busy dock since they had a link to the railway, and were the largest in the world. It made Newham become an important manufacturing center in southern England, as well as, very busy city that people regularly visited, especially for business. Jobs cropped up. Many races of people flocked in to do business all the way from India, Africa, China and even Jews. It brought about cultural diversity and other challenges

Islamic midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islamic midterm - Essay Example Today the building is a Cathedral. The Malwiya tower, which is the most distinguished feature in the mosque, was constructed entirely by brickwork. The use of brickwork is attributed to the Mesopotamian architects and artisans. It was constructed in the 9th century CE when the Islamic architecture was in its initial stages and was not established as it was in later centuries. The Mesopotamian architecture is evident in this monument because the early Muslims were from Arabia and the Arabs were not great architects or builders, you cannot find many notable pieces of architecture in Arabian peninsula before Islam or in the early days of Islam, this is the reason that the Arab Muslim conquerors relied solely on the Mesopotamian architecture while constructing the capital city of Samarra (which was later abandoned due to water shortage) and its monuments. Another feature of the tower Malwiya is the spiral ramp that recalls the ziggurats of Mesopotamia. The ziggurats also had the exposed staircases leading to the top of t he building and same is the case with the Malwiya tower of the Great Mosque of Samarra. The ziggurat were part of temple complexes i.e. places of worship of the Mesopotamians and same is the case with the mosque as it is the place of worship of the Muslims. So it is correct to say that the Mesopotamian architecture which was the native architecture of the building is evident in the architecture of the Great Mosque of Samarra however Islamic architecture is not missing altogether. The construction involved the styles of the local culture but the architecture as a whole is distinctively Islamic because primarily the structure and the plan of the building is strictly based on Islamic structure of a mosque. An Islamic mosque is essentially supposed to have a courtyard in the centre, it is not present in the centre of the building but it is there in the mosque. Also the minaret is